Ellora Caves

The Ellora Caves are a complex of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain rock-cut temples in Maharashtra, India, built between the 6th and 10th centuries CE. The caves are located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site  in 1983. The Ellora Caves are considered to be one of the greatest examples of ancient Indian rock-cut architecture and a unique artistic achievement. The caves are famous for their elaborate carvings and sculptures, which depict scenes from Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain texts. The most famous of the caves is the Kailasa Temple, which is a massive monolithic structure that was carved out of a single rock.

The Ellora Caves complex is made up of 34 rock-cut caves, which are divided into three main groups: Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain.  They include viharas, or monasteries, and chaityas, or prayer halls, that were used by Buddhist monks for meditation and worship.

The Ellora Caves were built between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, during the rule of the Kalachuri, Chalukya, and Rashtrakuta dynasties in ancient India. The caves were created by carving out the face of a basalt cliff, and then excavating temples and monasteries inside the caves.

The Buddhist caves were the first to be built, between the 5th and 7th centuries CE, during the rule of the Kalachuri dynasty. These caves include viharas, or monasteries, and chaityas, or prayer halls, that were used by Buddhist monks for meditation and worship.

The Hindu caves were built between the 6th and 8th centuries CE, during the rule of the Chalukya dynasty. These caves include temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu, and other Hindu deities. The most famous of these is the Kailasa Temple, which is a massive monolithic structure that was carved out of a single rock.

The Jain caves were built between the 8th and 10th centuries CE, during the rule of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. They include shrines and temples that were used by Jain monks for worship and meditation.

All caves are richly decorated with intricate carvings and sculptures depicting scenes from Buddhist, Hindu and Jain texts. The caves are known for their architectural and sculptural beauty, and are considered to be one of the greatest examples of ancient Indian rock-cut architecture.

Ajanta Caves

 

The Ajanta Caves are a series of 29 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments that date back to the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE. They are located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India, near the city of Ajanta. The caves are famous for their rock-cut architecture and elaborate frescoes, which depict scenes from the life of the Buddha and stories from Buddhist literature. They are considered to be some of the most significant surviving examples of ancient Indian art and architecture.

The Ajanta Caves were accidentally rediscovered in 1819 by a British officer and were subsequently studied by British and Indian scholars. They were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. The caves are open to the public, and guided tours are available. Visitors can also view the Ajanta Caves Museum, which contains many of the artifacts that were found at the site.

The Ajanta Caves are notable for their rock-cut architecture, which is considered to be some of the most impressive examples of ancient Indian architecture. The caves were carved out of solid rock and are estimated to have taken several centuries to construct.

The caves are divided into two groups: the earlier group, which consists of Caves 9-12 and the later group, which consists of Caves 1-8 and Caves 13-29. The earlier group of caves is characterized by a simpler architectural style, while the later group of caves is more elaborate and ornate.

The caves in the later group are entered through a porch and a verandah, which leads to a central hall. The central hall is called the "chaitya-griha" and it is the main worship area. The walls of the chaitya-griha are adorned with sculptures and frescoes. The caves also have a side aisle called the "pradakshina-patha" which circles the chaitya-griha and is used for circumambulation. The caves also have a number of smaller rooms and cells for monks to reside.

The caves also feature elaborate rock-cut sculptures and frescoes that adorn the walls, depicting scenes from the life of the Buddha and stories from Buddhist literature. The frescoes are considered to be some of the most beautiful examples of ancient Indian art. The Ajanta Caves are an excellent example of how ancient Indian artists were able to create beautiful and ornate architectural structures, and how the use of frescoes and sculptures to decorate these structures enhanced their aesthetic appeal.

Bharat Mata Temple Varanasi

 The Bharat Mata Temple in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India is a unique temple dedicated to the personification of India as a mother goddess. It was built in 1936 by a lawyer and freedom fighter named Shiv Prasad Gupta, and is considered to be the only temple in the world dedicated to Mother India.

The temple has a marble statue of Bharat Mata (Mother India) holding a map of India in her hand. The statue is around 8 feet tall and is placed on a pedestal in the middle of the temple. The temple is eight-storeyed, each floor representing a different historical period of India's history, starting from ancient India and ending with contemporary India.

The temple is open to people of all castes and religions and is also a popular tourist attraction. It is considered to be an important pilgrimage site for nationalists and patriots in India.

The temple is located in Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith Campus, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh , India.It's open all days of the week and there is no entry fee to visit the temple.